- Thinking logically: making decisions, taking different paths and evaluating statements using constructs such as selection and iteration
- Sequence: one statement after another
- Selection: Decision making, if/then/else, switch/case
- Iteration: Loops, for/while/do while/do until
- Structured programming: using sequence, selection, iteration to aid readability, understanding and maintainability
- Block-structured language: languages that use only sequence, selection, iteration
- Pseudocode: mimics the constructs of programming languages without syntax
- Structured English: alternative to pseudocode, more verbose and imprecise
- Boolean condition: evaluating true/false for decisions