RAM (Random Access Memory) stores the operating system, running programmes, and the data and instructions currently being processed by the CPU
It provides significantly faster read and write access compared to secondary storage, acting as a high-speed temporary workspace for the CPU
RAM is volatile, meaning it is “main memory” that loses all stored data immediately when power is lost
It is termed “Random Access” because the processor can access any memory address directly in the same amount of time, regardless of its physical location
Increasing RAM capacity allows a system to run more applications simultaneously and handle larger files without relying on slower virtual memory (swapping data to the hard drive or SSD)
It is a fundamental component in all computing systems, from embedded devices to servers, directly impacting the system’s ability to multitask efficiently
What is ROM (Read-Only Memory)?
ROM (Read-Only Memory) stores the BIOS (Basic Input/Output System) or firmware that is used to start up the computer and initialise the hardware components. This data is essential for the computer to function and needs to be preserved even when the computer is turned off
ROM is non-volatile, meaning it retains its contents even when the computer is turned off. As its name suggests, data stored in ROM can be read by the computer but not written to or modified
In all types of computers, ROM is essential for system startup. ROM might contain the bootloader that starts the device and loads the operating system
Comparing RAM and ROM
RAM (Random Access Memory)
ROM (Read-Only Memory)
Purpose
Stores data currently being used by the computer, such as open applications and files.
Stores the BIOS or firmware used to start up the computer and initialise hardware components.